一、环境准备

1.1 依赖管理（Maven）

在项目的 pom.xml 中添加 MySQL 驱动依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.26</version>
</dependency>

二、基础连接实现

public class MySQLConnector {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "password";
        
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) {
            System.out.println("连接成功！");
            // 执行数据库操作...
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.err.println("连接失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

三、高级连接管理

3.1 连接池配置

ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb");
dataSource.setUser("root");
dataSource.setPassword("password");
dataSource.setMinPoolSize(5);
dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20);
dataSource.setAcquireIncrement(5);

3.2 异常处理最佳实践

try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
     PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
    // 执行操作
} catch (SQLTransientConnectionException e) {
    // 处理临时连接异常（重试逻辑）
} catch (SQLNonTransientException e) {
    // 处理永久性错误（如语法错误）
} finally {
    // 自动关闭资源（try-with-resources）
}

四、 完整示例

public class DBUtil {
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb";
    private static final String USER = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "password";
    
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("驱动加载失败", e);
        }
    }
    
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
    }
    
    public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) rs.close();
            if (stmt != null) stmt.close();
            if (conn != null) conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // 记录日志
        }
    }
}